在 Ubuntu Server 14.04 下安装 PostgreSQL 9.3.5 开源数据库

root:# apt-get install postgresql
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树       
正在读取状态信息... 完成       
将会安装下列额外的软件包：
  libpq5 postgresql-9.3 postgresql-client-9.3 postgresql-client-common
  postgresql-common ssl-cert
建议安装的软件包：
  oidentd ident-server locales-all postgresql-doc-9.3 openssl-blacklist
下列【新】软件包将被安装：
  libpq5 postgresql postgresql-9.3 postgresql-client-9.3
  postgresql-client-common postgresql-common ssl-cert
升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 7 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 0 个软件包未被升级。
需要下载 3,682 kB 的软件包。
解压缩后会消耗掉 15.5 MB 的额外空间。
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获取：1 [url]http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/[/url] trusty-updates/main libpq5 amd64 9.3.5-0ubuntu0.14.04.1 [80.6 kB]
获取：2 [url]http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/[/url] trusty/main postgresql-client-common all 154 [25.4 kB]
获取：3 [url]http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/[/url] trusty-updates/main postgresql-client-9.3 amd64 9.3.5-0ubuntu0.14.04.1 [782 kB]
获取：4 [url]http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/[/url] trusty/main ssl-cert all 1.0.33 [16.6 kB]
获取：5 [url]http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/[/url] trusty/main postgresql-common all 154 [103 kB]
获取：6 [url]http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/[/url] trusty-updates/main postgresql-9.3 amd64 9.3.5-0ubuntu0.14.04.1 [2,670 kB]
获取：7 [url]http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/[/url] trusty/main postgresql all 9.3+154 [5,088 B]
下载 3,682 kB，耗时 9秒 (402 kB/s)                                             
正在预设定软件包 ...
Selecting previously unselected package libpq5.
(正在读取数据库 ... 系统当前共安装有 85656 个文件和目录。)
Preparing to unpack .../libpq5_9.3.5-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpq5 (9.3.5-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-client-common.
Preparing to unpack .../postgresql-client-common_154_all.deb ...
Unpacking postgresql-client-common (154) ...
Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-client-9.3.
Preparing to unpack .../postgresql-client-9.3_9.3.5-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking postgresql-client-9.3 (9.3.5-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package ssl-cert.
Preparing to unpack .../ssl-cert_1.0.33_all.deb ...
Unpacking ssl-cert (1.0.33) ...
Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-common.
Preparing to unpack .../postgresql-common_154_all.deb ...
正在添加 postgresql-common 导致 /usr/bin/pg_config 本地修改至 /usr/bin/pg_config.libpq-dev
Unpacking postgresql-common (154) ...
Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-9.3.
Preparing to unpack .../postgresql-9.3_9.3.5-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking postgresql-9.3 (9.3.5-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package postgresql.
Preparing to unpack .../postgresql_9.3+154_all.deb ...
Unpacking postgresql (9.3+154) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...
ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot
正在设置 libpq5 (9.3.5-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ...
正在设置 postgresql-client-common (154) ...
正在设置 postgresql-client-9.3 (9.3.5-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/share/postgresql/9.3/man/man1/psql.1.gz to provide /usr/share/man/man1/psql.1.gz (psql.1.gz) in 自动模式
正在设置 ssl-cert (1.0.33) ...
正在设置 postgresql-common (154) ...
Adding user postgres to group ssl-cert

Creating config file /etc/logrotate.d/postgresql-common with new version
Building PostgreSQL dictionaries from installed myspell/hunspell packages...
Removing obsolete dictionary files:
* No PostgreSQL clusters exist; see "man pg_createcluster"
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...
正在设置 postgresql-9.3 (9.3.5-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ...
Creating new cluster 9.3/main ...
  config /etc/postgresql/9.3/main
  data   /var/lib/postgresql/9.3/main
  locale zh_CN.UTF-8
  port   5432
update-alternatives: using /usr/share/postgresql/9.3/man/man1/postmaster.1.gz to provide /usr/share/man/man1/postmaster.1.gz (postmaster.1.gz) in 自动模式
* Starting PostgreSQL 9.3 database server                                                                                                        [ OK ] 
正在设置 postgresql (9.3+154) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.19-0ubuntu6.5) ...
root:#

root:# passwd postgres
输入新的 UNIX 密码： 
重新输入新的 UNIX 密码： 
passwd: password updated successfully
root:#

root:# su - postgres 或 sudo -i -u postgres
postgres:~$

postgres:~$ psql postgres
psql (9.3.5)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=#    #postgres 命令提示符

postgres=# ALTER USER postgres with PASSWORD 'postgres';
ALTER ROLE
postgres=# \q
could not save history to file "/var/lib/postgresql/.psql_history": 没有那个文件或目录    #重新登录就可以了，由于第一次文件是不存在的
postgres:~$

postgres:~$ psql postgres
psql (9.3.5)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# ALTER USER postgres with PASSWORD 'postgres';
ALTER ROLE
postgres=# \q
postgres:~$

vi /etc/postgresql/9.3/main/postgresql.conf

# -----------------------------
# PostgreSQL configuration file
# -----------------------------
#
# This file consists of lines of the form:
#
#   name = value
#
# (The "=" is optional.)  Whitespace may be used.  Comments are introduced with
# "#" anywhere on a line.  The complete list of parameter names and allowed
# values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation.
#
# The commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values.
# Re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it to the default value;
# you need to reload the server.
#
# This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a SIGHUP
# signal.  If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the
# server for the changes to take effect, or use "pg_ctl reload".  Some
# parameters, which are marked below, require a server shutdown and restart to
# take effect.
#
# Any parameter can also be given as a command-line option to the server, e.g.,
# "postgres -c log_connections=on".  Some parameters can be changed at run time
# with the "SET" SQL command.
#
# Memory units:  kB = kilobytes        Time units:  ms  = milliseconds
#                MB = megabytes                     s   = seconds
#                GB = gigabytes                     min = minutes
#                                                   h   = hours
#                                                   d   = days


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# FILE LOCATIONS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command-line
# option or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir.

data_directory = '/var/lib/postgresql/9.3/main'        # use data in another directory
                    # (change requires restart)
hba_file = '/etc/postgresql/9.3/main/pg_hba.conf'    # host-based authentication file
                    # (change requires restart)
ident_file = '/etc/postgresql/9.3/main/pg_ident.conf'    # ident configuration file
                    # (change requires restart)

# If external_pid_file is not explicitly set, no extra PID file is written.
external_pid_file = '/var/run/postgresql/9.3-main.pid'            # write an extra PID file
                    # (change requires restart)


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Connection Settings -

#listen_addresses = 'localhost'        # what IP address(es) to listen on;
                    # comma-separated list of addresses;
                    # defaults to 'localhost'; use '*' for all
                    # (change requires restart)
port = 5432                # (change requires restart)
max_connections = 100            # (change requires restart)
# Note:  Increasing max_connections costs ~400 bytes of shared memory per
# connection slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction).
#superuser_reserved_connections = 3    # (change requires restart)
unix_socket_directories = '/var/run/postgresql'    # comma-separated list of directories
                    # (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_group = ''            # (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_permissions = 0777        # begin with 0 to use octal notation
                    # (change requires restart)
#bonjour = off                # advertise server via Bonjour
                    # (change requires restart)
#bonjour_name = ''            # defaults to the computer name
                    # (change requires restart)

# - Security and Authentication -

#authentication_timeout = 1min        # 1s-600s
ssl = true                # (change requires restart)
#ssl_ciphers = 'DEFAULT:!LOW:!EXP:!MD5:@STRENGTH'    # allowed SSL ciphers
                    # (change requires restart)
#ssl_renegotiation_limit = 512MB    # amount of data between renegotiations
ssl_cert_file = '/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem'        # (change requires restart)
ssl_key_file = '/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key'        # (change requires restart)
#ssl_ca_file = ''            # (change requires restart)
#ssl_crl_file = ''            # (change requires restart)
#password_encryption = on
#db_user_namespace = off

# Kerberos and GSSAPI
#krb_server_keyfile = ''
#krb_srvname = 'postgres'        # (Kerberos only)
#krb_caseins_users = off

# - TCP Keepalives -
# see "man 7 tcp" for details

#tcp_keepalives_idle = 0        # TCP_KEEPIDLE, in seconds;
                    # 0 selects the system default
#tcp_keepalives_interval = 0        # TCP_KEEPINTVL, in seconds;
                    # 0 selects the system default
#tcp_keepalives_count = 0        # TCP_KEEPCNT;
                    # 0 selects the system default


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Memory -

shared_buffers = 128MB            # min 128kB
                    # (change requires restart)
#temp_buffers = 8MB            # min 800kB
#max_prepared_transactions = 0        # zero disables the feature
                    # (change requires restart)
# Note:  Increasing max_prepared_transactions costs ~600 bytes of shared memory
# per transaction slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction).
# It is not advisable to set max_prepared_transactions nonzero unless you
# actively intend to use prepared transactions.
#work_mem = 1MB                # min 64kB
#maintenance_work_mem = 16MB        # min 1MB
#max_stack_depth = 2MB            # min 100kB

# - Disk -

#temp_file_limit = -1            # limits per-session temp file space
                    # in kB, or -1 for no limit

# - Kernel Resource Usage -

#max_files_per_process = 1000        # min 25
                    # (change requires restart)
#shared_preload_libraries = ''        # (change requires restart)

# - Cost-Based Vacuum Delay -

#vacuum_cost_delay = 0            # 0-100 milliseconds
#vacuum_cost_page_hit = 1        # 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_page_miss = 10        # 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_page_dirty = 20        # 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_limit = 200        # 1-10000 credits

# - Background Writer -

#bgwriter_delay = 200ms            # 10-10000ms between rounds
#bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 100        # 0-1000 max buffers written/round
#bgwriter_lru_multiplier = 2.0        # 0-10.0 multipler on buffers scanned/round

# - Asynchronous Behavior -

#effective_io_concurrency = 1        # 1-1000; 0 disables prefetching


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# WRITE AHEAD LOG
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Settings -

#wal_level = minimal            # minimal, archive, or hot_standby
                    # (change requires restart)
#fsync = on                # turns forced synchronization on or off
#synchronous_commit = on        # synchronization level;
                    # off, local, remote_write, or on
#wal_sync_method = fsync        # the default is the first option
                    # supported by the operating system:
                    #   open_datasync
                    #   fdatasync (default on Linux)
                    #   fsync
                    #   fsync_writethrough
                    #   open_sync
#full_page_writes = on            # recover from partial page writes
#wal_buffers = -1            # min 32kB, -1 sets based on shared_buffers
                    # (change requires restart)
#wal_writer_delay = 200ms        # 1-10000 milliseconds

#commit_delay = 0            # range 0-100000, in microseconds
#commit_siblings = 5            # range 1-1000

# - Checkpoints -

#checkpoint_segments = 3        # in logfile segments, min 1, 16MB each
#checkpoint_timeout = 5min        # range 30s-1h
#checkpoint_completion_target = 0.5    # checkpoint target duration, 0.0 - 1.0
#checkpoint_warning = 30s        # 0 disables

# - Archiving -

#archive_mode = off        # allows archiving to be done
                # (change requires restart)
#archive_command = ''        # command to use to archive a logfile segment
                # placeholders: %p = path of file to archive
                #               %f = file name only
                # e.g. 'test ! -f /mnt/server/archivedir/%f && cp %p /mnt/server/archivedir/%f'
#archive_timeout = 0        # force a logfile segment switch after this
                # number of seconds; 0 disables


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# REPLICATION
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Sending Server(s) -

# Set these on the master and on any standby that will send replication data.

#max_wal_senders = 0        # max number of walsender processes
                # (change requires restart)
#wal_keep_segments = 0        # in logfile segments, 16MB each; 0 disables
#wal_sender_timeout = 60s    # in milliseconds; 0 disables

# - Master Server -

# These settings are ignored on a standby server.

#synchronous_standby_names = ''    # standby servers that provide sync rep
                # comma-separated list of application_name
                # from standby(s); '*' = all
#vacuum_defer_cleanup_age = 0    # number of xacts by which cleanup is delayed

# - Standby Servers -

# These settings are ignored on a master server.

#hot_standby = off            # "on" allows queries during recovery
                    # (change requires restart)
#max_standby_archive_delay = 30s    # max delay before canceling queries
                    # when reading WAL from archive;
                    # -1 allows indefinite delay
#max_standby_streaming_delay = 30s    # max delay before canceling queries
                    # when reading streaming WAL;
                    # -1 allows indefinite delay
#wal_receiver_status_interval = 10s    # send replies at least this often
                    # 0 disables
#hot_standby_feedback = off        # send info from standby to prevent
                    # query conflicts
#wal_receiver_timeout = 60s        # time that receiver waits for
                    # communication from master
                    # in milliseconds; 0 disables


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# QUERY TUNING
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Planner Method Configuration -

#enable_bitmapscan = on
#enable_hashagg = on
#enable_hashjoin = on
#enable_indexscan = on
#enable_indexonlyscan = on
#enable_material = on
#enable_mergejoin = on
#enable_nestloop = on
#enable_seqscan = on
#enable_sort = on
#enable_tidscan = on

# - Planner Cost Constants -

#seq_page_cost = 1.0            # measured on an arbitrary scale
#random_page_cost = 4.0            # same scale as above
#cpu_tuple_cost = 0.01            # same scale as above
#cpu_index_tuple_cost = 0.005        # same scale as above
#cpu_operator_cost = 0.0025        # same scale as above
#effective_cache_size = 128MB

# - Genetic Query Optimizer -

#geqo = on
#geqo_threshold = 12
#geqo_effort = 5            # range 1-10
#geqo_pool_size = 0            # selects default based on effort
#geqo_generations = 0            # selects default based on effort
#geqo_selection_bias = 2.0        # range 1.5-2.0
#geqo_seed = 0.0            # range 0.0-1.0

# - Other Planner Options -

#default_statistics_target = 100    # range 1-10000
#constraint_exclusion = partition    # on, off, or partition
#cursor_tuple_fraction = 0.1        # range 0.0-1.0
#from_collapse_limit = 8
#join_collapse_limit = 8        # 1 disables collapsing of explicit
                    # JOIN clauses


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ERROR REPORTING AND LOGGING
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Where to Log -

#log_destination = 'stderr'        # Valid values are combinations of
                    # stderr, csvlog, syslog, and eventlog,
                    # depending on platform.  csvlog
                    # requires logging_collector to be on.

# This is used when logging to stderr:
#logging_collector = off        # Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog
                    # into log files. Required to be on for
                    # csvlogs.
                    # (change requires restart)

# These are only used if logging_collector is on:
#log_directory = 'pg_log'        # directory where log files are written,
                    # can be absolute or relative to PGDATA
#log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log'    # log file name pattern,
                    # can include strftime() escapes
#log_file_mode = 0600            # creation mode for log files,
                    # begin with 0 to use octal notation
#log_truncate_on_rotation = off        # If on, an existing log file with the
                    # same name as the new log file will be
                    # truncated rathe